Journal: iScience

Article Title: Association between elevated expression of GDF15/GFRAL and sarcopenia risk

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115023

Figure Lengend Snippet: The non-linear dose-response relationships between serum protein levels of GDF15 and GFRAL and sarcopenia risk (A) Serum GDF15 concentrations with age across three sarcopenia status groups; (B) The non-linear dose-response relationship between serum protein levels of GDF15 and sarcopenia risk.; (C) Serum GFRAL concentrations with age across three sarcopenia status groups; (D) The non-linear dose-response relationship between serum protein levels of GFRAL and sarcopenia risk. Data are presented as fitted values with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). See also .

Article Snippet: GDF15 (for immunohistochemical staining) , Proteintech , Cat No. 27455-1-AP.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Association between elevated expression of GDF15/GFRAL and sarcopenia risk

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115023

Figure Lengend Snippet: Associations between serum protein levels of GDF15 and GFRAL and risks of sarcopenia and its phenotypes (A) Association of serum protein levels of GDF15 with risks of sarcopenia and its phenotypes; (B) Association of serum protein levels of GFRAL with risks of sarcopenia and its phenotypes. Model 0 was the crude model; Model 1 was adjusted for sex and age; Model 2 was further adjusted for Townsend deprivation index, educational attainment, smoking status, and alcohol consumption based on Model1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval. Data are presented as fitted values with 95% CIs. See also and , , and .

Article Snippet: GDF15 (for immunohistochemical staining) , Proteintech , Cat No. 27455-1-AP.

Techniques:

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Association between elevated expression of GDF15/GFRAL and sarcopenia risk

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115023

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of elevated GDF15 and GFRAL levels on sarcopenia (A) UMAP visualization of 11 annotated cell types in skeletal muscles from two frail mice and three control mice; (B) volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes in M2 macrophages from non-frail and frail muscle; (C) pathways involving GDF15 in M2 macrophages; (D–E) significantly up-regulated pathways of fibrosis-related genes between non-frail and frail muscle; (F) immunohistochemical staining for GDF15, with positive signals visualized as brown DAB precipitate. Scale bars, 200 μm.

Article Snippet: GDF15 (for immunohistochemical staining) , Proteintech , Cat No. 27455-1-AP.

Techniques: Muscles, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Circulating GDF15 levels increase in individuals with PBH after a mixed meal (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 individuals with PBH, 15 asymptomatic (Asx) individuals, and 10 overweight/obese (Ow/Ob) controls at 0, 30, and 120 min during a mixed-meal test. (B) Plasma glucose measured by yellow springs instruments (YSI). (C) Glucose nadir. (D–G) Plasma insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, and GDF15 measured by ELISA. (H–P) Pearson correlation analyses between GDF15 and plama glucose (H–J), insulin (K–M), and GLP-1 (N–P) at fasting state, 30 min, and 120 min after meal digestion. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are elevated in PBH individuals during hypoglycemia induced by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob patients at time 0, 40, 90, 110, and 120 min during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp. (B) Plasma glucose. (C) Plasma epinephrine. (D) Plasma norepinephrine. (E) Plasma GDF15. (F–H) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (I–K) Pearson correlation between epinephrine and GDF15. For all panels, asterisks denote significant difference between PBH vs. Ow/Ob (blue color), between PBH vs. Asx (green), or between PBH vs. Asx (orange). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap showing correlations between GDF15 levels and hypoglycemia symptoms (Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Symptom Scale) during the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp An asterisk (∗) indicates a significant correlation between the symptom and GDF15 levels during the hypoglycemic clamp (Pearson correlation, p < 0.05). Data include 15 individuals with PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob, assessed at 0, 40, 90, and 110 min.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are increased with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and exogenous GDF15 inhibits food intake after meal-stimulated hypoglycemia (A) Experimental design for (B and C) ( n = 10 per group). (B and C) (B) Blood glucose and (C) plasma GDF15. (D–F) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (G) Schematic of the insulin-augmented mixed meal tolerance test ( n = 5 per group). (H and I) (H) Blood glucose and (I) body weight after GDF15 or saline treatment. (J) Blood glucose in male mice ( n = 5 per group). (K) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in male mice. (L) Blood glucose in female mice ( n = 5 per group). (M) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in female mice. In all panels, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Data are presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Saline, Comparison

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Circulating GDF15 levels increase in individuals with PBH after a mixed meal (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 individuals with PBH, 15 asymptomatic (Asx) individuals, and 10 overweight/obese (Ow/Ob) controls at 0, 30, and 120 min during a mixed-meal test. (B) Plasma glucose measured by yellow springs instruments (YSI). (C) Glucose nadir. (D–G) Plasma insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, and GDF15 measured by ELISA. (H–P) Pearson correlation analyses between GDF15 and plama glucose (H–J), insulin (K–M), and GLP-1 (N–P) at fasting state, 30 min, and 120 min after meal digestion. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are elevated in PBH individuals during hypoglycemia induced by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob patients at time 0, 40, 90, 110, and 120 min during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp. (B) Plasma glucose. (C) Plasma epinephrine. (D) Plasma norepinephrine. (E) Plasma GDF15. (F–H) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (I–K) Pearson correlation between epinephrine and GDF15. For all panels, asterisks denote significant difference between PBH vs. Ow/Ob (blue color), between PBH vs. Asx (green), or between PBH vs. Asx (orange). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap showing correlations between GDF15 levels and hypoglycemia symptoms (Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Symptom Scale) during the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp An asterisk (∗) indicates a significant correlation between the symptom and GDF15 levels during the hypoglycemic clamp (Pearson correlation, p < 0.05). Data include 15 individuals with PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob, assessed at 0, 40, 90, and 110 min.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are increased with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and exogenous GDF15 inhibits food intake after meal-stimulated hypoglycemia (A) Experimental design for (B and C) ( n = 10 per group). (B and C) (B) Blood glucose and (C) plasma GDF15. (D–F) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (G) Schematic of the insulin-augmented mixed meal tolerance test ( n = 5 per group). (H and I) (H) Blood glucose and (I) body weight after GDF15 or saline treatment. (J) Blood glucose in male mice ( n = 5 per group). (K) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in male mice. (L) Blood glucose in female mice ( n = 5 per group). (M) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in female mice. In all panels, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Data are presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Saline, Comparison